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Glossary of terms used on this site

There are 1274 entries in this glossary.
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Term Definition
A vinculo matrimonii

Latin: of marriage. The term is now used to refer to a final and permanent divorce.

Ab initio

A Latin term meaning "from the beginning".

Abatement

In law, a termination or diminishment. Commonly used to refer to a reduction of something owed by the person to whom it is owed. A landlord might grant abatement in rent by reducing the amount owed. Estate law may use the term more specifically. When an estate is settled, debts must be paid off before any willed property can be distributed. If property has to be sold to pay off the deceased's debts, it cannot then be gifted to the beneficiary. It is then said to "abate". The gift has been terminated or diminished before it could be given. See also "ademption".

Abduction

To carry a person away by force or fraud. This term applies only to a person - a thing cannot be abducted. See also "kidnapping".

Abet

To aid, encourage or incite another to do wrong. "Aiding and abetting" is a crime in many countries.

Abstract of Title

A chronological summary of all official records and recorded documents affecting the title to a parcel of real property.

Acceleration clause

A clause in a contract that allows the terms of the contract to become fully due immediately if a payment is missed, or some other default in the debtor's obligation occurs (such as the debtor becoming insolvent).

Acceptance

In law, acceptance is an express or implied act that accepts the terms and obligations of a contract or agreement. It is one of three requisites to a valid contract under common law (the other two being an offer and consideration). No contract can exist until it is accepted, but the contract begins at the moment of acceptance. See also "acquiescence".

Accepted claim

A claim in which the insurance company accepts that your injury or illness will be covered by workers´ compensation.

Accolate

Medicine prescribed for prophylaxis and treatment of chronic asthma in patients 12 years and older. Has shown to cause liver dysfunction, particularly in females.

Accomplice
  1. A partner in a crime. 2. A person who knowingly and voluntarily participates with another in a criminal activity.
Accord and Satisfaction

To quote from the case of British Russian Gazette & Trade Outlook Ltd. v. Associated Newspapers Ltd. (1933) 2 K.B. 616: "Accord and satisfaction is the purchase of a release from an obligation arising under contract or tort by means of any valuable consideration, not being the actual performance of the obligation itself. The accord is the agreement by which the obligation is discharged. The satisfaction is the consideration which makes the agreement operative." An example of this would be to buy out the contract of an employee, rather than insisting the contract be fulfilled. In this example, the accord would be the agreement that the employee leave and not pursue legal action against the employer, and the satisfaction would be the money paid to buy out the contract.

Accretion

The addition to land by the gradual addition of soil. This can happen by erosion washing soil onto an area; by flooding doing the same; or by a permanent retreat of water from land. A similar term is avulsion, but this refers more to a sudden transference rather than a gradual one.

Accutane

A brand of prescription medicine used to treat severe nodular acne that has not responded to other treatments such as antibiotics. Accutane may cause serious side effects, including birth defects and mental disorders.

Acetaminophen

A medication effective for relieving mild pain and fever. It is also used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory.

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